| 喀斯特坡地土壤稳渗率空间变化特征研究 |
| 方胜
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| 导师 | 刘秀明
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| 2013
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| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院
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| 学位授予地点 | 北京
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| 学位名称 | 硕士
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| 学位专业 | 地球化学
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| 关键词 | 喀斯特
入渗
土壤稳定入渗率
异质性
土地利用
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| 摘要 | 为查明高异质性背景条件下喀斯特石灰岩坡地表层土壤稳渗率空间变化特征，本研究在6类典型人为活动方式石灰岩坡地针对4类主要生境类型（土面、土石面、石沟、石缝）开展生境空间分布调查和表层土壤理化性质分析，并利用Guelph入渗仪进行稳渗率实验。通过对比分析各生境表层土壤性质和表层土壤稳渗率关系，结合人为作用方式探讨各生境表层土壤性质和稳渗率空间变化特征及其演化规律，为喀斯特地区坡面水循环、土壤侵蚀、水资源利用等相关领域研究提供基础数据和理论依据。主要的研究结果如下： （1）不同人为活动方式的喀斯特石灰岩坡地表层土壤稳渗率差异明显。不同土地利用类型土壤入渗性能表现为次生林坡地>坡耕地>原生林坡地>乔灌林坡地>火烧人为干扰坡地>放牧灌草坡地。次生林坡地的水分入渗性能最好，其次为坡耕地，水分的入渗性能最差的放牧灌草坡地。 （2）生境条件下，原生林样方、次生林样方和乔灌林样方土面和土石面生境表层土壤稳渗率明显高于石沟和石缝生境。而在放牧灌草样方和火烧人为干扰地样方中，生境表层土壤稳渗率的变化趋势与之相反，平均表层土壤稳渗率表现为石沟和石缝>土石面>土面。而在各类生境表层土壤稳渗率呈现高度的空间异质性影响下，喀斯特石灰岩坡地表层土壤稳渗率空间变化特点与其对应生境空间分布特征一致，出现“斑块状”的空间分布规律。 （3）喀斯特石灰岩坡地区表层土壤稳渗率相比非喀斯特地区高，主要受到石灰土自身表层土壤性质和表层岩溶带裂隙发育共同影响。由于土层浅薄且与基岩裂隙直接接触，喀斯特坡地表层土壤稳定入渗率应是土壤孔隙和岩石裂隙耦合作用下的稳定入渗速率。 （4）坡地人为作用方式变化将改变原有生境条件下的表层土壤性质，进而导致各类生境条件的表层土壤稳渗率随坡地人为活动作用进程发生相应变化。人为踩踏作用影响较小的原生林、次生林和乔灌林地土面和土石面生境的表层土壤稳渗率普遍高于石沟和石缝生境，但转变为人为踩踏作用强烈的放牧灌草地或火烧人为干扰地后，土面和土石面生境表层土壤稳渗率显著降低，而石沟和石缝生境表层土壤稳渗率受其影响程度较小，在表层岩溶带裂隙发育作用下仍可维持较高水平。 |
| 其他摘要 | To find out the spatial variation of soil steady-state infiltration rates in Karst hillslopes, the spatial distribution and soil properties of four habitats (soil surface, soil-rocky surface, rocky gully, and stone crevice) were investigated along six karst hillslopes with typical human activities. The soil steady-state infiltration rates are measured by the Guelph Permeameter. The study analysis the relationship between soil properties and soil steady-state infiltration rates, combine with the human activity effects to explore the characteristic of habitats soil property and the spatial variation of soil steady-state infiltration rate and its evolution law. The objective of this research is to provide basic data and theory for soil erosion, water circulation and water resource utilization and other related areas in karst areas. The main results are showed as followed, (1) The soil steady-state infiltration rates are obvious difference in six karst hillslopes. The soil steady-state infiltration rates of different land use performance for young forest > cultivated land >original forest> mixed arbor and shrub forest>burned forest>pastureland. The soil water infiltration capacity of young forest is best and follows by the cultivated land. The soil water infiltration capacity of pastureland is worst. (2) The soil steady-state infiltration rates of Soil surface, soil-rocky surface of original forest, young forest, mixed arbor and shrub forest are significantly higher than rocky gully and stone crevice. While the soil steady-state infiltration rates of rocky gully and stone crevice of burned forest and pastureland are significantly higher than soil surface and soil-rocky surface. In general, the soil steady-state infiltration rates of four habitats show highly space heterogeneity and “patch shape” spatial characteristics in karst hillslopes. (3) The soil steady-state infiltration rates of Karst hillslopes are obviously higher compared to non-karst regions, and mainly controlled by soil porosities and cracks of Epikarst coupling. (4) Transfer of human activities will modify soil properties of habitats, and then change the steady-state infiltration rate. The soil steady-state infiltration rates of soil surface and soil-rocky surface are higher than rocky gully and stone crevice in original forest, young forest and mixed arbor and shrub forest with smaller human influence. Soil bulk density and clay proportion of soil surface and soil-rocky surface are increased seriously and contrary soil porosity and steady-state infiltration rates are significantly decreased when the hillslopes transform to burned forest or pastureland. Under the same condition, Soil properties and steady-state infiltration rates of rocky gully and stone crevice affected significantly less than the soil surface and soil-rocky surface habitat， which still with high soil steady-state infiltration rates. |
| 学科领域 | 环境地球化学
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| 语种 | 中文
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| 文献类型 | 学位论文
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| 条目标识符 | http://ir.gyig.ac.cn/handle/352002/5844
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| 专题 | 研究生_研究生_学位论文
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推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
方胜. 喀斯特坡地土壤稳渗率空间变化特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2013.
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