矿床地球化学国家重点实验室知识库

In the exploration of a fractured reservoir, it is very important for reservoir engineers to get information about fracture sizes, because macro-scale fractures are more significant to the control of reservoir storability and fluid flow even though both micro-scale cracks and macro-scale fractures contribute to the dominant anisotropy. Recently, a poroelastic equivalent medium model was proposed by Chapman, which describes the frequency-dependent anisotropy effect with the fracture size being one of the key parameters. Based on this model, geophysicists have done work to measure fracture sizes from seismic data. However, it is necessary to extract frequency-dependent anisotropy before inverting for fracture size. In this paper, a new algorithm is developed for extracting frequency-dependent anisotropic parameters from surface multi-component seismic data, especially from a common-receiver-gather. Compared with the conventional method of extracting the splitting parameters only for different frequency bands, it is possible to extract splitting parameters for each frequency with the new algorithm. To check the reliability of the algorithm, a common-receiver-all-azimuth-gather is synthesized by the vector convolution method, involving the splitting parameters dependent on frequency. Test results show that the frequency-dependent splitting parameters will be extracted accurately with a general level of noise (the signal to noise ratio, SNR for shot, equals 3). More importantly, under the joint constraints of multi-azimuth data, a satisfactory result will be obtained even if the noise is significant (SNR equals 1). The good performance of the algorithm in a model test indicates its potential for field applications.