| 其他摘要 | China is a major country of tobacco, however, there is large quantities of tobacco waste producted annually. It is not only a waste of resources, but also causing environmental pollution. Adding tobacco sheet to cheap cigarettes is one of the way for tobacco waste reusing. Flavor-producing bacterial including Bacillus subtilis MT-1, B. amyloliquefaciens MT-3, and B. licheniforms MT-2 isolated from Maotai Daqu were cultured on PDA plates for 48h at 37 °C, 46 °C, and 55 °C respectively so as to analyze the change of colony morphology and physiology biochemistry features. The results showed that, the effects of temperature on their growth and metabolism are important. We prepared tobacco sheets by using the extraction from the three bacterial fermentation medium, tobacco waste, and an adjunct (Sheet 1). Afterwards, the tobacco sheets(Sheet 1) were compared with those tobacco sheets with no fermentation extraction added (Sheet 2) in terms of physical and chemical properties and sensory quality. The Sheets 1 and 2 were extracted by using supercritical CO2 and the extracted products analysed by gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). The results showed that microbial fermentation extracts manifested little effect on the physical properties of tobacco sheets, but the aroma of the cigarettes made from Sheet 1 was more favorable, which showed sufficient aroma intensity, soft, delicate, and moderately. In addition, the sensory quality score of the tobacco in Sheet 1 increased by 1.4 score compared with Sheet 2 evaluated by a group of technicians from the Technology center of China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co. Ltd; Furthermore, twelve aromatic substances including 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, β-phenethyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethyl -2,4-dyhydroxy-3-(2H)-furan-3-ketone,methyl acetate, Butyric acid, Phenylacetaldehyde, 2(5H)-furanone, 5-methyl-2-fufuryl methanol, 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole-2-ketone, 3-5-dyhydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ketone glutaconic anhydride and ethylβ-D-ribonucleotide were detected in both the fermentation extracts and Sheet 1. As we knowing that the nicotine content in tobacco leaf affects the quality of tobacco, inhaling nicotine excessively will cause disease, and dischaging nicotine will pollute the water. Thus , it is necessary to degrade the nicotine content in tobacco leaves. In this study, the strain MT-1 cultured only or the mixture culture of the strain MT-1, MT-2 and MT-3 were sprayed on upper(A3B1), middle(A3C2), and lower(B2X) tobacco leaves. These tobacco leaves were fermented and then measured their nicotine content. The results showed, strain MT-1 has the ability of degrading nicotine when the combination A3B1 were fermented for 15 days; strain MT-1 and compound bacteria have the ability of degrading nicotine when A3C2 combination were fermented for 10 days and 15 days, and the degradation of nicotine on the 15th day was higher than on the 10th day; strain MT-1 and compound bacteria have the ability of degrading nicotine when B2X combination were fermented for 15 days and 20 days, and the degradation of nicotine on the 15th day was higher than on the 20th day. In general, strain MT-1 has the ability of degrading nicotine in the combination of A3B1, A3C2, and B2X. Strain MT-1 has a better ability of degrading nicotine than the bacterial mixture culture, the better time of fermentation was 15 days. In summary, the strain MT-1, MT-2, and MT-3 exhibited good degradating nicotine efficiency in tobacco leaves, the fermentation extracts from the three bacterial fermentation can increase amoratic substance of tobacco sheets. The study provides practical references for the application from Maotai Daqu on the application of waste tobacco. |
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