| 其他摘要 | With development of deep space exploration and successfully launch of China’s Chang’e spacecrafts, our country has stepped to the top list in this field in the world. China’s Chang'e project is divided into three large steps, which are “exploration”, “landing” and “stationing”. The first step, “China’s lunar exploration project” being implemented currently is divided into three steps “surrounding the moon”, “landing on the moon” and “backing to the Earth”. Chang’e I, II and the third spacecraft named “Rabbit” have successfully achieved the plans of surrounding and landing. Sample collecting and return to the Earth would be achieved in 2017. We believe that our country will make outstanding achievements in the space competition. Although the mankind have landed on the moon and watch the remote outer space using Modern precision telescope, they know little about the planetary interior that they live. We eagerly want to know the origin of the Earth and the life in this planet. The geologists analyzed the tine rocks and minerals that preserved in the ancient cratons and have preliminarily understood some of the character of Earth’s crust and mantle in 2.5Ga, but they know little about the Earth evolution before 3.8 Ga. A important access to know the Earth before that time is comparative planetology, especially the moon research. As we obtained more information of the lunar crust, we get further cognition of the moon than before. However, the origin of the moon and the preliminary evolution of it still stay on the level of hypothesis, and this issue needs to be discussed and develop. This thesis focus on two hot issues about the moon: the evolution of lunar magma ocean and the volatile concentration of the pre-eruptive magma of the moon. The moon has nearly the same age of the Earth, but much smaller volume than the latter. Duo to its fast heat dissipation, the moon has stopped evolving and stepped to the “dead stage” of planetary evolution. As a consequence, the information of this satellite before 3 billion years has been preserved. We are studying the primordial Earth to some degree when we do research of the moon. Lunar magma ocean, a concept deriving from early study about the moon, is now widely accepted by geologists and astronomers, though there is some uncertainty and speculative. Additionally, research about the volatile concentration in the lunar mantle, especially the water concentration, is one of the hottest issues. The concentration and origin of the lunar water has something to do with the Earth-moon system, the life coming and evolution, and the possibility that the mankind reside on the moon in the future. We use six sides press machine to take experiment aiming at the Thermal diffusion of basaltic melt and partial melt. And then we analyzed the major elements concentrations along the Thermal gradient using electronic probe. The results show that during Soret diffusion, elements such as Fe，Ca，Mg， Ti， P tend to migrate to low temperature, while Si， Na， K tend to migrate to high temperature. Thermal migration derives from crystal solubility with temperature. Spatial Thermal variation in a cumulus crystal pile sets up a gradient in interstitial melt composition, which in turn provides a diffusion potential for mass migration. And the last result of partially molten area is controlled by Thermal diffusion and chemical diffusion. We introduced Thermal diffusion concept to the lunar magma ocean evolving process, preliminarily established the differential magma ocean model, and based on this basis, discussed the genesis of lunar anorthositic crust. The Moon had long been thought to be depleted in volatiles such as H2O, S, COx and Cl2. Recently, researchers have measured volatile concentrations in minerals, glasses and inclusions of some lunar samples; results show that lunar rocks contain volatiles that are similar to terrestrial materials, much higher than previously thought. As we know, most mare basalts are located on |
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