| 吉林省长白山地区大气中不同形态汞的含量分布及沉降通量研究 |
其他题名 | DISTRIBUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY SPECIES AND DEPOSITION FLUX IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN AREA, JILIN PROVINCE
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| 万奇
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| 2007-05-29
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学位授予单位 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所
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学位授予地点 | 地球化学研究所
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学位名称 | 博士
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关键词 | 长白山
大气气态总汞
颗粒态汞
活性气态汞
含量分布
干湿沉降通量
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摘要 | 汞是一种可以通过大气进行长距离跨国界进行传输的污染物,为了正确认识汞的全球大气循环演化规律,应该在全球不同区域内开展背景区大气不同形态汞含量的长期和高时间分辨率的观测研究。本论文工作利用高时间分辨率自动大气测汞仪(Tekran®2537A),于2005年8月~2006年7月对长白山地区大气气态总汞进行了连续一年的野外观测,同时按季节对该区大气中的颗粒态汞与活性气态汞进行了采集和分析。
研究结果表明,长白山地区大气气态总汞(TGM)的年平均含量为(3.22±1.78)ng•m-3。长白山地区大气气态总汞含量高于北半球大气汞含量的背景值(1.5~2.0 ng•m-3),表明该地区已受到一定程度的大气汞污染。该区气态总汞表现出季节变化规律,含量高低按季节表现为:冬季(3.61ng•m-3)>春季(3.44ng•m-3)>秋季(3.15ng•m-3)>夏季(2.56ng•m-3)。在对长白山地区大气汞来源的解析中,该区频率最高的指示风向西南(SW)、西北(NW)和非主导风向东北(NE)方位上,城镇人为采暖、燃煤和对生物燃料的使用成为该地区的大气汞的主要人为来源,而土壤释汞和其他来源的大气汞经中长距离迁移也是造成该区大气汞含量偏高的原因。
对长白山地区不同时段的颗粒态汞(PM)与活性气态汞(RGM)含量的研究结果发现,采样期间颗粒态汞含量平均值为(77±136)pg•m-3,活性气态汞含量平均值为(65±84)pg•m-3。利用该结果计算了不同形态汞对长白山地区大气汞的组成。结果显示气态原子汞的贡献比例最大,约为94.0%;其次为颗粒态汞(PM<2.5),贡献比例为2.4%;活性气态汞的比例2.0%;贡献最小的是颗粒态汞(PM>2.5),所占比例1.6%。
论文工作还测定了长白山地区一年的大气降水中的总汞浓度,利用该雨水中的总汞含量估算该地区一年汞的湿沉降通量,同时用穿透雨(Throughfall)方法和模型法对大气中汞的干沉降进行估算。结果表明:长白山地区大气汞的干沉降通量大于湿沉降通量,干、湿沉降通量分别为16.5μg•m-2•a-1(模型计算为20.2μg•m-2•a-1)和8.4μg•m-2•a-1,且大气汞的总沉降通量为24.9μg•m-2•a-1。 |
其他摘要 | Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic heavy metal and has been considered as a global pollutant for its ability to undergo long distance transportation in the atmosphere. For further cognition of the global circulation and transformation of airborne mercury in the atmosphere, more intensive and longterm field campaign monitoring of mercury species in the atmosphere should be made worldwide at different locations. An intensive field campaign monitoring was conducted from August 2005 to July 2006 using the automatic atmospheric mercury analyzers for one year’s measurement of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in Changbai Mountain area.
Results show the mean concentration of TGM is (3.22 ± 1.78)ng•m-3 and it presents seasonal variation as followings: winter(3.61 ng•m-3)>spring (3.44 ng•m-3)>autumn (3.15 ng•m-3)>summer(2.56 ng•m-3). Given the background concentration of atmospheric mercury in the Northern Hemisphere, mercury concentrations are totally elevated in Changbai Mountain area. The regional source of mercury in the atmosphere seems to be anthropogenic Hg emissions mainly due to local biofuel uses and coal combustion from industry and domestic uses. The potential mercury source may be regional mercury emissions from soil and the long distance transportation of mercury in the atmosphere.
Samples of PM and RGM were collected during four periods in Changbai Mountain area. Results show that mean concentration of PM and RGM during four sampling periods are(77±136)pg•m-3 and(65±84)pg•m-3, respectively. Contributions of atmospheric mercury in different species to the atmosphere were estimated in Changbai Mountain area. Results indicate that GEM contributes the most(94.0%) to the total mercury in the atmosphere and the rest contribution proportions are followings: Hgp(PM<2.5)contributes 2.4%, RGM contributes 2.0%, and the least is Hgp(PM>2.5)giving the proportion of 1.6%, respectively.
Monthly rain samples were collected during study periods for one year, also. Wet deposition flux of atmospheric mercury was estimated in study area based on monthly total mercury concentration in natural rain. Throughfall method and model method were used at the same time to estimate the dry deposition flux in Changbai Mountain area. Results indicate that dry deposition flux is 16.5μg•m-2•a-1according to the throughfall method while model method result is 20.2μg•m-2•a-1; wet deposition flux is 8.4μg•m-2•a-1. According the results above, total deposition flux in Changbai Mountain area is 24.9μg•m-2•a-1. |
页数 | 77
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语种 | 中文
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文献类型 | 学位论文
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条目标识符 | http://ir.gyig.ac.cn/handle/352002/3324
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专题 | 研究生_研究生_学位论文
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推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 |
万奇. 吉林省长白山地区大气中不同形态汞的含量分布及沉降通量研究[D]. 地球化学研究所. 中国科学院地球化学研究所,2007.
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